Understanding the impacts of climate change in the Middle East and translating these into appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies is one of the most pressing needs for the Kingdom. Apart from establishing the potential consequences of climate projections, there is a clear imperative to not just explore and evaluate the feasibility and utility of technological solutions to climate change, but also establish a sound basis for enhancing natural systems for decarbonization and resilience efforts. Implementation pathways, policy advice and development, international frameworks, socio-economic modeling, human-health impacts, and more focused analyses of climate change on both urban and natural systems will be a major contribution to ongoing Kingdom efforts and initiatives in the current decade and beyond. Leveraging climate modeling and simulation frameworks that can encompass the social, economic, and environmental consequences of climate change will be required to address climate related challenges throughout the region.